In China Revolutionary opera refers to the model operas (Chinese: 樣板戲; Chinese: 样板戏; pinyin: yàngbǎnxì) planned and engineered during the Cultural Revolution by Jiang Qing, the wife of Chairman Mao Zedong. As Communist Party-sanctioned operas, they were considered "revolutionary" and modern in terms of thematic and musical features when compared with traditional operas. In total, eight revolutionary operas were made, and, according to some sources, they were the only forms of artistic expression allowed in China at the time. Traditional Beijing opera was considered "feudalistic and bourgeois," and was banned. The operas were made in accordance with Mao's provision that "art must serve the interests of the workers, peasants, and soldiers and must conform to proletarian ideology." The limited number of operas (8) thus led to the coinage of the term Eight Model Operas (ba'ge).