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China, officially the People's Republic of China, is a sovereign state located in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of over 1.35 billion. The PRC is a single-party state governed by theCommunist Party, with its seat of government in the capital city of Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, fiveautonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governingspecial administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The PRC also claims Taiwan – which is controlled by the Republic of China(ROC), a separate political entity – as its 23rd province, a claim which is controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan.